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Ghana faced several major disease outbreaks in 2025, posing significant public-health challenges across the country. Health authorities and partners monitored and reported multiple infectious diseases that affected communities nationwide.
Mpox
One of the most prominent outbreaks was Mpox (formerly Monkeypox), which continued to spread across several regions. By November 20, 2025, the Ghana Health Service (GHS) had confirmed 11 new infections, bringing the national total to 880 cases. The cumulative number of suspected cases stood at 3,506, with three confirmed deaths. Over 3,800 contacts had been identified since the outbreak began.
Earlier reports indicated that cases in October involved individuals aged between one and 50 years in the Western, Bono, Greater Accra, and Western North regions, with two patients admitted for treatment.
In a post on X(formerly Twitter) on December 24, 2025, the GHS cautioned the public: “Mpox is still out there; avoid crowded places this festive season if you can.”
Cholera
Cholera, a water-borne bacterial infection linked to unsafe drinking water and poor sanitation, was another significant concern. Public-health interventions focused on improving water safety, promoting sanitation practices, and treating affected individuals to prevent severe dehydration.
In February 2025, the Minister of Health, Kwabena Mintah Akandoh, disclosed that Ghana had recorded 6,145 cases of cholera, including 719 confirmed cases and 49 deaths across five regions.
Meningitis
Meningitis also affected several communities, particularly in the Upper West region. In the early months of 2025, over 100 suspected cases and 16 deaths were reported, prompting urgent medical intervention. The outbreak was linked to a bacterial strain common within the African meningitis belt, particularly during the dry season.
Typhoid Fever
Typhoid fever, usually spread through contaminated food and water, contributed significantly to the disease spread.
In August 2025, the Oti Region recorded more than 10,000 cases across several districts.
Regional environmental health officer Cynthia Sekyere described the situation as alarming, citing poor sanitation, weak waste management, and limited access to safe drinking water.
Sekyere noted, “We have data for the Oti Health Directorate indicating a total of 10,233 confirmed cases of typhoid fever between the first and second quarters of this year. The first quarter alone recorded 4,417 cases, with 5,816 additional cases confirmed in the second quarter. This is a major public health concern.”
The review showcases the urgent need for continued surveillance, improved sanitation, and strengthened healthcare systems to mitigate the impact of infectious diseases in Ghana.
